Phytoremediation effect of Medicago sativa colonized by Piriformospora indica in the phenanthrene and cadmium co-contaminated soil

Table 1 The effects of P. indica, Cd and Phe treatments on Chl a, Chl b, F0, Fm, Fv/Fm and ETR in M. sativa

Fungal treatment	Phe and Cd treatment	Chl a (mg g^− 1 FW)	Chl b (mg g^− 1 FW)	F0	Fm	Fv/Fm	ETR
-P	0	4.57 + 0.01^g	2.63 + 0.02^a	0.76 + 0.03^a	2.78 + 0.03	0.74 + 0.07^b	92.5 + 2.4^c
	Cd Phe Cd + Phe	3.58 + 0.10^a	2.10 + 0.05^a	0.85 + 0.04^a	2.66 + 0.04^a	0.58 + 0.07^c	88.5 + 1.12^b
		3.21 + 0.02^b	1.93 + 0.04^a	0.93 + 0.01^b	2.41 + 0.02^b	0.45 + 0.06^d	71.6 + 2.07^de
		3.10 + 0.03^b	1.76 + 0.02^b	1.07 + 0.02^c	2.17 + 0.03^c	0.31 + 0.05^e	67.5 + 3.02^a
+P	0	5.01 + 0.02^c	2.85 + 0.04^c	0.63 + 0.05^d	2.86 + 0.04^d	0.86 + 0.02^f	98.3 + 3.17^b
	Cd	4.26 + 0.04^d	2.55 + 0.06^d	0.78 + 0.06^f	2.72 + 0.06^e	0.76 + 0.02^a	104 + 2.45^c
	Phe	4.02 + 0.02^e	2.41 + 0.05^e	0.81 + 0.03^e	2.62 + 0.05^f	0.61 + 0.03^b	101.1 + 3.14^d
	Cd + Phe	3.78 + 0.04^f	2.17 + 0.03^f	0.92 + 0.02^g	2.31 + 0.03^g	0.52 + 0.04c	93.8 + 2.53^e

− P: non-inoculation (control), + P: P. indica. Values are mean ± SE, n = 3. The same letter within each column indicates no significant difference among treatments using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test

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